Verify Account

Introduction to Pharmacognosy
(a) Definition, history, scope and development of pharmacognosy.
(b) Sources of Drugs – Plants, animals, marine and tissue culture.
(c) Organized drugs, unorganized drugs (dried latex, dried juices, dried extracts, gums and mucilages, oleoresins and oleo- gum -resins).
Classification of Drugs
Alphabetical, morphological, taxonomical, chemical, pharmacological, chemo and serotaxonomical classification of drugs
Quality control of Drugs of Natural Origin
Adulteration of drugs of natural origin. Evaluation by organoleptic, microscopic, physical, chemical and biological methods and properties.
Quantitative microscopy of crude drugs including lycopodium spore method, leaf constants, camera lucida and diagrams of microscopic objects to scale with camera lucida.

Cultivation, Collection, Processing and Storage of Drugs of Natural Origin Cultivation and collection of drugs of natural origin. Factors influencing cultivation of medicinal plants. Plant hormones and their applications. Polyploidy, mutation and hybridization with reference to medicinal plants.Conservation of medicinal plants.

Plant Tissue Culture
Historical development of plant tissue culture, types of cultures, nutritional requirements, growth and their maintenance. Applications of plant tissue culture in pharmacognosy. Edible vaccines

Pharmacognosy in Various Systems of Medicine
Role of pharmacognosy in allopathy and traditional systems of medicine namely, Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy and Chinese systems of medicine.
Introduction to secondary metabolites
Definition, classification, properties and test for identification of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, volatile oil and resins.

Study of biological source, chemical nature and uses of drugs of natural origin containing following drugs.
Plant Products
Fibers - Cotton, jute and hemp.
Hallucinogens, teratogens and natural allergens.
Primary Metabolites
General introduction, detailed study with respect to chemistry, sources, preparation, evaluation, preservation, storage, therapeutic use and commercial utility as pharmaceutical aids and/or medicines for the following primary metabolites.
Carbohydrates: Acacia, agar, tragacanth, honey Proteins and Enzymes
Gelatin, casein, proteolytic enzymes (papain, bromelain, serratiopeptidase, urokinase, streptokinase, pepsin).
Lipids(Waxes, Fats, Fixed oils) Castor oil, chaulmoogra oil, wool fat, bees wax.
Marine Drugs
Novel medicinal agents from marine sources.