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SYLLABUS

UNIT-1

Wave Optics Interference : Principle of Superposition - Interference of Light - Interference in Thin Films (Reflection Geometry) and Applications - Colors in Thin Films - Newton’s Rings - Determination of Wavelength and Refractive Index. Diffraction : Introduction - Fresnel and Fraunhofer Diffraction - Fraunhofer Diffraction Due to Single Slit, Double Slit - N-Slits (Qualitative) - Grating - Dispersive Power and Resolving Power of Grating (Qualitative). Polarization : Introduction - Types of Polarization - Polarization by Reflection, Refraction and Double Refraction - Nicol's Prism - Half Wave and Quarter Wave Plates.

UNIT-2

Lasers and Fiber Optics Lasers: Introduction - Characteristics of Laser - Spontaneous and Stimulated Emissions of Radiation - Einstein’s Coefficients - Population Inversion - Lasing Action - Pumping Mechanisms - Ruby Laser - He-Ne Laser - Applications of Lasers. Fiber Optics: Introduction - Principle of Optical Fiber - Acceptance Angle - Numerical Aperture - Classification of Optical Fibers Based on Refractive Index Profile and Modes - Propagation of Electromagnetic Wave Through Optical Fibers - Applications.

UNIT-3

Quantum Mechanics, Free Electron theory and band theory Quantum Mechanics: Dual Nature of Matter - Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle - Significance and Properties of Wave Function - Schrodinger’s Time Independent and Dependent Wave Equations - Particle in a One Dimensional Infinite Potential Well. Free Electron Theory: Classical Free Electron Theory (Qualitative with Discussion of Merits and Demerits) - Qunatum Free Electron Theory - Equation for Electrical Conductivity Based on Quantum Free Electron theory - Fermi-Dirac Distribution - Density of States (3D) - Fermi Energy. Band theory of Solids: Bloch’s Theorem (Qualitative) - Kronig-Penney Model (Qualitative) - E vs K Diagram - v vs K Diagram - Effective Mass of Electron - Classification of Crystalline Solids - Concept of Hole.

UNIT-4

Dielectric and magnetic materials Dielectric Materials - : Introduction - Dielectric Polarization - Dielectric Polarizablity, Susceptibility and Dielectric Constant - Types of Polarizations - Electronic (Quantitative), Ionic (Quantitative) and Orientation Polarization (Qualitative) - Lorentz Internal Field - Clausius-Mossotti Equation - Piezoelectricity. Magnetic Materials: Introduction - Magnetic Dipole Moment - Magnetization-Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability - Origin of Permanent Magnetic Moment - Classification of Magnetic Materials: Dia, Para, Ferro, Antiferro and Ferri Magnetic Materials - Domain Concept for Ferromagnetism and Domain Walls (Quantitative) - Hysteresis - Soft and Hard Magnetic Materials - Eddy Currents - Engineering Applications.

UNIT-5

Semiconductors and superconductors Semiconductors: Introduction - Intrinsic Semiconductors - Density of Charge Carriers - Electrical Conductivity - Fermi Level - Extrinsic Semiconductors - Density of Charge Carriers - Dependence of Fermi Energy on Carrier Concentration and Temperature - Drift and Diffusion Currents - Einstein’s Equation - Hall Effect - Hall Coefficient - Applications of Hall Effect. Superconductors: Introduction - Properties of Superconductors - Meissner Effect - Type I and Type II Superconductors - BCS Theory (Qualitative) - Josephson Effects (AC and DC) - SQUIDS - High TC Superconductors - Applications of Superconductors.