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SYLLABUS

Unit-I

Digital Computers: Introduction, Block Diagram of Digital Computer, Definition of Computer Organization, Computer Design and Computer Architecture. Register Transfer Language and Microoperations: Register Transfer Language, Register Transfer, Bus and Memory Transfers, Arithmetic Microoperations, Logic Microoperations, Shift Microoperations, Arithmetic Logic Shift Unit. Basic Computer Organization and Design: Instruction Codes, Computer Registers, Computer Instructions, Timing and Control, Instruction Cycle, Memory Reference Instructions, Input-Output and Interrupt.

Unit-II

Microprogrammed Control: Control Memory, Address Sequencing, Microprogram Example, Design of Control Unit. Central Processing Unit: General Register Organization, Instruction Formats, Addressing Modes, Data Transfer and Manipulation, Program Control.

Unit-III

Data Representation: Data Types, Complements, Fixed-point Representation, Floating-point Representation. Computer Arithmetic: Addition and Subtraction, Multiplication Algorithms, Division Algorithms, Floating-point Arithmetic Operations, Decimal Arithmetic Unit, Decimal Arithmetic Operations.

Unit-IV

Input-Output Organization: Input-Output Interface, Asynchronous Data Transfer, Modes of Transfer, Priority Interrupt, Direct Memory Access. Memory Organization: Memory Hierarchy, Main Memory, Auxiliary Memory, Associate Memory, Cache Memory.

Unit-V

Reduced Instruction Set Computer: CISC Characteristics, RISC Characteristics. Pipeline and Vector Processing: Parallel Processing, Pipelining, Arithmetic Pipeline, Instruction Pipeline, RISC Pipeline, Vector Processing, Array Processor. Multiprocessors: Characteristics of Multiprocessors, Interconnection Structures, Interprocessor Arbitration, Interprocessor Communication and Synchronization, Cache Coherence.