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SYLLABUS

UNIT-I

FLUID STATISTICS

Dimensions and units: Physical properties of fluids, Specific gravity, Viscosity, Surface tension, Vapor pressure and their influence on fluid motion, Atmospheric gauge and vacuum pressure, Measurement of pressure, Piezometer, U-tube differential manometers.

FLUID KINEMATICS

Stream line, Path line and streak lines and stream tube, Classification of flows-steady and unsteady, Uniform, Non-uniform, Laminar, Turbulent, Rotational and irrotational flows-Equation of continuity for one dimensional flow.

FLUID DYNAMICS

Surface and body forces – Euler’s and Bernoulli’s equations for flowing stream line, Momentum equation and its application on force on pipe bend.

UNIT-II

CONDUIT FLOW

Reynold’s experiment, Darcy Weisbach equation, Minor losses in pipes, Pipes in series and pipes in parallel, Total energy line-Hydraulic gradient line. Measurement of flow: Pitot tube, Venturimeter and orifice meter, Flow nozzle and turbine current meter.

UNIT-III

TURBO MACHINERY

Hydrodynamic force of jets on stationary and moving flat, inclined and curved vanes, Jet striking centrally and at tip, Velocity diagrams, Work done efficiency, Flow over radial vanes.

HYDRAULIC POWER STATIONS

Elements of hydro electric power station-Type-Concept of pumped storage plants-Storage requirements.

UNIT-IV

HYDRAULIC TURBINES

Classification of turbines, Impulse and reaction turbines, Pelton wheel, Francis turbine and Kaplan turbine-Working proportions, Work done, Efficiencies, Hydraulic design-Draft tube-Theory-Functions and efficiency.

PERFORMANCE OF HYDRAULIC TURBINES

Unit and specific quantities, Characteristics, Governing of turbines, Selection of type of turbine, Cavitation and surge tank.

UNIT-V

CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

Classification-Working, Work done, Manometric head, Loss efficiencies, Specific speed, Pumps in series and parallel, Performance characteristic curves and NPSH.