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SYLLABUS

UNIT-I

BASIC CONCEPTS : Economics and terminal equipment of HVDC transmission systems: Types of HVDC links – Apparatus required for HVDC systems – Comparison of A.C and D.C transmission, Application of D.C transmission system – Planning and modern trends in D.C transmission.

UNIT-II

ANALYSIS OF HVDC CONVERTERS: Choice of converter configuration – Analysis of Graetz – Characteristics of 6 pulse and 12 pulse converters – Cases of two 3 phase converters in star-star mode – Their performance.

UNIT-III

CONVERTER AND HVDC SYSTEM CONTROL: Principal of D.C link control – Converters control characteristics – Firing angle control – Current and extinction angle control – Effect of source inductance on the system – Starting and stopping of D.C link – Power control.

UNIT-IV

REACTIVE POWER CONTROL IN HVDC : Reactive power requirements in steady state – Conventional control strategies – Alternate control strategies sources of reactive power – A.C filters – Shunt capacitors – Synchronous condensers. POWER FLOW ANALYSIS IN A.C/D.C SYSTEMS Modelling of D.C links – D.C network – D.C Converter – Controller equations – Solution of D.C load flow – Solution of A.C-D.C power flow – Simultaneous method – Sequential method.

UNIT-V

CONVERTER FAULT AND PROTECTION :Converter faults – Protection against over current and over voltage in converter station – Surge arresters – Smoothing reactors – D.C breakers – Audible noise-space charge field – Corona effects on D.C lines – Radio interference. HARMONICS Generation of Harmonics – Characteristics harmonics, Calculation of A.C Harmonics, Non-characteristics harmonics, Adverse effects of harmonics – Calculation of voltage and current harmonics – Effect of pulse number on harmonics. UNIT-VI FILTERS Types of A.C filters, Design of single tuned filters – Design of high pass filters.