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UNIT-I

Chromatography I

S5 - E - A - I: Solvent Extraction

Principle, Methods of Extraction: Batch Extraction, Continuous Extraction and Counter, Current Extraction. Application – Determination of Iron (III).

Chromatography

Classification of Chromatographic Methods, Principles of Differential Migration, Adsorption, Phenomenon, Nature of Adsorbents, Solvent Systems.

Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)

Advantages, Preparation of Plates, Development of the Chromatogram, Detection of the Spots, Factors Effecting Rf Values and Applications.

Paper Chromatography

Principle, Choice of Paper and Solvent Systems, Development of Chromatogram – Ascending, Descending, Radial and Two Dimensional Chromatography and Applications.

UNIT-II

Chromatography II

S5 - E- A - I Column Chromatography

Principle, Types of Stationary Phases, Column Packing – Wet Packing Technique, Dry, Packing Technique. Selection Criteria of Mobile Phase Solvents for Eluting Polar, Non-polar, Compounds and its Applications.

Ion Exchange Chromatography

Principle, Cation and Anion Exchange Resins, its Application in Separation of Ions.

Gas Chromatography

Theory and Instrumentation (Block Diagram), Types of Stationary Phases and Carrier Gases (Mobile Phase).

High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Theory and Instrumentation, Stationary Phases and Mobile Phases. Analysis of Paracetamol

UNIT-III

Colorimetry and Spectrophotometry

S5 - E - A - III

General Features of Absorption – Spectroscopy, Transmittance, Absorbance, and Molar, Absorptivity. Beer Lambert’s Law and its Limitations, Difference between Colorimetry and Spectrophotometry.Instruments – Single Beam UV - Visible Spectrophotometer, Double Beam UV - Visible Spectrophotometer. Lamps used as Energy Sources. Verification of Beer’s Law. Estimation of Iron in Water Samples by Thiocyanate Method. Estimation of,

(i) Chromium and

(ii) Manganese in Steel.

IR Spectrophotometer

Principle, Sources of Radiations, Sampling, Block Diagram of FT-IR Spectrophotometer.

UNIT-IV

Electroanalytical Methods

S5 - E - A - IV

Types of Electroanalytical Methods

I. Interfacial Methods,

(a) Potentiometry

Principle, Electrochemical Cell, Electrodes -

(i) Indicator and (ii) Reference

Electrodes – Normal Hydrogen Electrode, Quinhydrone Electrode, Saturated Calomel Electrode. Numerical Problems. Application of Potentiometry – Assay of Sulphanilamide.

(b) Voltametry

Three Electrode Assembly; Introduction to Types of Voltametric Techniques, Micro Electrodes, Over Potential and Polarization.

II. Bulk Methods

Conductometry, Conductivity Cell, Specific Conductivity, Equivalent Conductivity. Numerical Problems. Applications of Conductometry. Estimation of Cl– Using AgNO3. Determination of Aspirin with KOH.