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Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry
History and development of medicinal chemistry
Physico-chemical properties in relation to biological action Ionization, solubility, partition coefficient, hydrogen bonding, protein binding, chelation, bioisosterism, optical and geometrical isomerism.
Drug metabolism
Drug metabolism principles- Phase-I and Phase-II. Factors affecting drug metabolism including stereochemical aspects.

Drugs acting on Autonomic Nervous System
Adrenergic Neurotransmitters
Biosynthesis and catabolism of catecholamine. Adrenergic receptors (Alpha & Beta) and their distribution. Sympathomimetic agents: SAR of Sympathomimetic agents
Direct acting: Nor-epinephrine, epinephrine, phenylephrine*, dopamine, methyldopa, clonidine, dobutamine, isoproterenol, terbutaline, salbutamol*, bitolterol, naphazoline, oxymetazoline and xylometazoline.
• Indirect acting agents: Hydroxyamphetamine, pseudoephedrine, propylhexedrine.
• Agents with mixed mechanism: Ephedrine, metaraminol.
Adrenergic Antagonists:
Alpha adrenergic blockers: Tolazoline*, phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine, prazosin, dihydroergotamine, methysergide.
Beta adrenergic blockers: SAR of beta blockers, propranolol*, metibranolol, atenolol, betazolol, bisoprolol, esmolol, metoprolol, labetolol, carvedilol.

Cholinergic neurotransmitters:
Biosynthesis and catabolism of acetylcholine. Cholinergic receptors (Muscarinic & Nicotinic) and their distribution.
Parasympathomimetic agents: SAR of parasympathomimetic agents.
Direct acting agents: Acetylcholine, carbachol*, bethanechol, methacholine, pilocarpine. Indirect acting/ Cholinesterase inhibitors (reversible & irreversible): Physostigmine, neostigmine*, pyridostigmine, edrophonium chloride, tacrine hydrochloride, ambenonium chloride, isofluorphate, echothiophate iodide, parathione, malathion.
Cholinesterase reactivator: Pralidoxime chloride.
Cholinergic Blocking agents: SAR of cholinolytic agents solanaceous alkaloids and analogues: atropine sulphate, hyoscyamine sulphate, scopolamine hydrobromide, homatropine hydrobromide, ipratropium bromide*.
Synthetic cholinergic blocking agents: Tropicamide, cyclopentolate hydrochloride, clidinium bromide, dicyclomine hydrochloride*, glycopyrrolate, methantheline bromide, propantheline bromide, benztropine mesylate, orphenadrine citrate, biperidine hydrochloride, procyclidine hydrochloride*, tridihexethyl chloride, isopropamide iodide, ethopropazine hydrochloride.

Drugs acting on Central Nervous System A. Sedatives and Hypnotics:
Benzodiazepines: SAR of benzodiazepines, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam*, oxazepam, chlorazepate, lorazepam, alprazolam, zolpidem.
Barbiturtes: SAR of barbiturates, barbital*, phenobarbital, mephobarbital, amobarbital, butabarbital, pentobarbital, secobarbital.
Miscelleneous:
Amides & imides: Glutethmide. Alcohol & their carbamate derivatives: Meprobomate, ethchlorvynol. Aldehyde & their derivatives: Triclofos sodium, paraldehyde. B. Antipsychotics
Phenothiazeines: SAR of Phenothiazeines - Promazine hydrochloride, chlorpromazine hydrochloride*, triflupromazine, thioridazine hydrochloride, piperacetazine hydrochloride, prochlorperazine maleate, Trifluoperazine hydrochloride.
Ring Analogues of Phenothiazeines: Chlorprothixene, Thiothixene, Loxapine succinate, Clozapine. Fluro buterophenones: Haloperidol, Droperidol, Risperidone. Beta amino ketones: Molindone hydrochloride.
Benzamides: Sulpieride.
C. Anticonvulsants: SAR of Anticonvulsants, mechanism of anticonvulsant action
Barbiturates: Phenobarbitone, Methabarbital.
Hydantoins: Phenytoin*, Mephenytoin, Ethotoin
Oxazolidine diones: Trimethadione, Paramethadione
Succinimides: Phensuximide, methsuximide, ethosuximide* urea and
monoacylureas: Phenacemide, carbamazepine*
Benzodiazepines: Clonazepam
Miscellaneous: Primidone, valproic acid , Gabapentin, Felbamate.

Drugs acting on Central Nervous System General anesthetics:
Inhalation anesthetics: Halothane*, methoxyflurane, enflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, desflurane. Ultra short acting barbitutrates: Methohexital sodium*, thiamylal sodium, thiopental sodium.
Dissociative anesthetics: Ketamine hydrochloride.*
Narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics Morphine and related drugs: SAR of morphine analogues, morphine sulphate, codeine, meperidine hydrochloride, Anilerdine hydrochloride, diphenoxylate hydrochloride, loperamide hydrochloride, fentanyl citrate*, methadone hydrochloride*, propoxyphene hydrochloride, pentazocine, levorphanol tartarate.
Narcotic antagonists: Nalorphine hydrochloride, levallorphan tartarate, naloxone hydrochloride.
Anti-inflammatory agents: Sodium salicylate, aspirin, mefenamic acid*, meclofenamate, indomethacin, sulindac, tolmetin, zomepriac, diclofenac, ketorolac, ibuprofen*, naproxen, piroxicam, phenacetin, acetaminophen, antipyrine, phenylbutazone.