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SYLLABUS

Unit-I

Computer Types, Functional Units, Basic Operational Concepts, Bus Structures, Data Types, Software, Languages and Translators, Loaders, Linkers, Operating Systems. Memory Locations – Addresses and Encoding of Information – Main Memory Operations – Instruction Formats and Instruction Sequences – Addressing Modes and Instructions – Simple Input Programming – Pushdown Stacks – Subroutines.

Unit-II

Register Transfer Language, Register Transfer, Bus and Memory Transfers, Arithmetic Micro Operations, Logic Micro Operations, Shift Micro Operations, Arithmetic Logic Shift Unit. Stack Organization, Instruction Formats, Addressing Modes, Data Transfer and Manipulation, Execution of a Complete Instruction, Sequencing of Control Signals, Program Control.

Unit-III

Control Memory, Address Sequencing, Micro Program Example, Design of Control Unit. Addition and Subtraction, Multiplication Algorithms, Division Algorithms, Floating Point Arithmetic Operations, Decimal Arithmetic Unit, Decimal Arithmetic Operations.

Unit-IV

Peripheral Devices, Input-Output Interface, Asynchronous Data Transfer, Modes of Transfer, Priority Interrupt, Direct Memory Access (DMA) Input-Output Processor (IOP), Serial Communication. Memory Hierarchy, Main Memory, Auxiliary Memory, Associative Memory, Cache Memory, Virtual Memory, Memory Management Hardware.

Unit-V

Parallel Processing, Pipelining, Arithmetic Pipeline, Instruction Pipeline, RISC Pipeline Vector Processing, Array Processors. Characteristics of Multiprocessors, Interconnection Structures, Interprocessor Arbitration, Inter-processor Communication and Synchronization, Cache Coherence.