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SYLLABUS

UNIT-I

General Concepts Introduction to distribution systems, Load modeling and characteristics – Coincidence factor – Contribution factor loss factor – Relationship between the load factor and loss factor – Classification of loads (Residential, Commercial, Agricultural and industrial).

UNIT-II

Substations Location of substations: Rating of distribution substation – Service area with ‘n’ primary feeders – Benefits and methods of optimal location of substations. Distribution Feeders Design considerations of distribution feeders: Radial and loop types of primary feeders – Voltage levels – Feeder loading – Basic design practice of the secondary distribution system.

UNIT-III

System Analysis Voltage drop and power–loss calculations: Derivation for voltage drop and power loss in lines – Uniformly distributed loads and non-uniformly distributed loads – Numerical problems – Three phase balanced primary lines.

UNIT-IV

Protection Objectives of distribution system protection – Types of common faults and procedure for fault calculations for distribution system – Protective devices: Principle of operation of fuses – Circuit reclosures – Line sectionalizes and circuit breakers. Coordination Coordination of protective devices: General coordination procedure – Various types of coordinated operation of protective devices – Residual current circuit breaker.

UNIT-V

Compensation for Power Factor Improvement Capacitive compensation for power factor control – Different types of power capacitors – Shunt and series capacitors – Effect of shunt capacitors (fixed and switced) – Power factor correction – Capacitor allocation – Economic justification – Procedure to determine the best capacitor location – Numerical problems. Syllabus

UNIT-VI

Voltage Control Voltage Control: Equipment for voltage control – Effect of series capacitors – Effect of AVB/AVR – Line drop compensation – Numerical problems