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SYLLABUS

UNIT-I

INTRODUCTION Dimensions and units – Physical properties of fluids, Specific gravity, Viscosity, Surface tension and capillarity, Vapor pressure and their influences on fluid motion. Newtonian and non Newtonian fluids. Fluid Pressure at a Point; Pascal’s law, Hydrostatic law, Atmospheric, Absolute and gauge pressure; Hydrostatic paradox, Pressure measurement manometers; Simple, Differential and Micro Manometers HYDROSTATIC FORCES ON SURFACES Total Pressure and Centre of Pressure: on Horizontal Plane Surface; Vertical Plane Surface; Inclined Plane Surface and Curved Surfaces.

UNIT-II

BUOYANCY Buoyancy; Buoyant Force and Centre of Buoyancy, Stability of submerged bodies and floating bodies; Metacentre and metacentric height, Analytical method for metacentric height. KINEMATICS OF FLUID MOTION Methods of describing fluid motion; Classification of flow; Steady, Unsteady, Uniform and non-uniform flows; Laminar and turbulent flows; Three, two and one dimensional flows; Irrotational and rotational flows; Streamline; Pathline; Streakline; Equation for acceleration; Convective acceleration; Local acceleration; Continuity equation; Velocity potential and stream function; Flownet; Vortex flow – Free vortex and forced vertex flow.

UNIT-III

DYNAMICS OF FLUID FLOW Forces acting on a Fluid in Motion; Euler’s equation of motion; .Bernoulli’s equation ; Energy correction factor; Momentum principle; Force exerted on a pipe bend. FLOW MEASUREMENTS IN PIPES Discharge through Venturi Meter; Discharge through Orifice Meter; Discharge through flow nozzle; Measurement of velocity by Pitot tube, Pitot-static tube.

UNIT-IV

FLOWTHROUGH ORIFICES AND MOUTHPIECES Flow through Orifices: Classification of Orifices; Determination of coefficients for an Orifice Flow through large rectangular Orifice; Flow through submerged Orifice – Fully sub-merged and Partially sub-merged. Classification of Mouthpieces; Flow through external and internal cylindrical Mouthpiece FLOW OVER NOTCHES & WEIRS Classification of Notches and Weirs; Flow through rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal notches and weirs; End contractions; Velocity of approach; Cipolletti weir, Broad crested weir.

UNIT-V

ANALYSIS OF PIPE FLOW Energy losses in pipelines; Darcy – Weisbach equation; Minor losses in pipelines; Hydraulic Grade Line and Total Energy Line; Concept of equivalent length; Hydraulic power transmission through a pipe; Siphon; Pipes in series, Parallel & branched pipes. LAMINAR & TURBULENT FLOW IN PIPES Reynolds’s experiment; Characteristics of laminar flow; Steady laminar flow through a circular pipe(Hazen poiseuille equation). Characteristics of turbulent flow, Prandtl’s mixing length theory, Hydro dynamically smooth and rough boundaries, Velocity distribution, Friction factor for pipe flow.