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UNIT-I
uniform flow in oPEn CHAnnEls
Types of channels – Types of flows – Velocity distribution – Energy and momentum correction factors
– Chezy’s and Manning’s formulae for uniform flow – Most Economical sections, Critical flow: Specific
energy-Critical depth – Computation of critical depth
UNIT-II
non-uniform flow in oPEn CHAnnEls
Steady Gradually Varied flow – Dynamic equation, Mild, Critical, Steep, Horizontal and adverse slopessurface profiles-Direct step method - Rapidly Varied Flow, Hydraulic Jump, Energy dissipation.
UNIT-III
HydrAuliC similitudE
Dimensional analysis – Rayleigh’s method and Buckingham’s pi theorem-Study of Hydraulic models –
Geometric, kinematic and Dynamic similarities-Dimensionless numbers – Model and prototype relations.
UNIT-IV
bAsiCs of turbo mACHinEry
Hydrodynamic force of jets on stationary and moving flat, inclined and curved vanes, jet striking centrally
and at tip, velocity triangles at inlet and outlet, expressions for work done and efficiency-Angular momentum
principle
UNIT-V
HydrAuliC turbinEs – i
Layout of a typical Hydropower installation – Heads and efficiencies – classification of turbines. Pelton
wheel – Francis turbine – Kaplan turbine – working, working proportions, velocity diagram, work done
and efficiency, hydraulic design, draft tube – Theory and efficiency. Governing of turbines-surge tanks-unit
and specific quantities, selection of turbines, performance characteristics-geometric similarity-cavitation.
PumPs
Centraifugal-Pumps: Pumps installation details-classification-work done – Manometric head-minimum
starting speed-losses and efficiencies-specific speed, Multistage pumps-pumps in parallel and series –
Performance of pumps-characteristic curves NPSH – Cavitation.
reciprocating Pumps: Introduction, Classification, Components, Working, Discharge, Indicator diagram,
Work-done and Slip.