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SYLLABUS

UNIT-I

Laminar & Turbulent flow in pipes: Laminar Flow- Laminar flow through: circular pipes, annulus and parallel plates. Stoke’s law, Measurement of viscosity. Reynolds experiment, Transition from laminar to turbulent flow. Resistance to flow of fluid in smooth and rough pipes-Moody’s diagram – Introduction to boundary layer theory.

UNIT-II

Uniform flow in Open Channels: Open Channel Flow-Comparison between open channel flow and pipe flow, geometrical parameters of a channel, classification of open channels, classification of open channel flow, Velocity Distribution of channel section. Uniform Flow-Continuity Equation, Energy Equation and Momentum Equation, Characteristics of uniform flow, Chezy’s formula, Manning’s formula. Computation of Uniform flow.

UNIT-III

Non-Uniform flow in Open Channels: Specific energy, critical flow, discharge curve, Specific force, Specific depth, and Critical depth. Measurement of Discharge and Velocity – Broad Crested Weir. Gradually Varied Flow- Dynamic Equation of Gradually Varied Flow. Hydraulic Jump and classification - Elements and characteristics- Energy dissipation.

UNIT-IV

Impact of jets and hydraulic turbines: Impact of Jets: Hydrodynamic force of jets on stationary and moving flat, inclined and curved vanes - velocity triangles at inlet and outlet - Work done and efficiency Hydraulic Turbines: Classification of turbines; pelton wheel and its design. Francis turbine and its design - efficiency - Draft tube: theory - characteristic curves of hydraulic turbines. Cavitation: causes and effects.

UNIT-V

Pumps: Working principles of a centrifugal pump, work done by impeller; heads, losses and efficiencies; minimum starting speed; Priming; specific speed; limitation of suction lift, net positive suction head (NPSH); Performance and characteristic curves; Cavitation effects; Multistage centrifugal pumps; troubles and remedies – Introduction to Reciprocating Pump.