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SYLLABUS

Unit-I

Metabolic Pathways in Higher Plants and their Determination (a) Brief study of basic metabolic pathways and formation of different secondary metabolites through these pathways- Shikimic acid pathway, Acetate pathways and Amino acid pathway. (b) Study of utilization of radioactive isotopes in the investigation of biogenetic studies.

Unit-II

General introduction, composition, chemistry & chemical classes, biosources, therapeutic uses and commercial applications of following secondary metabolites. Alkaloids: Vinca, Rauwolfia, Belladonna, Opium, Phenylpropanoids and Flavonoids: Lignans, Tea, Ruta Steroids, Cardiac Glycosides & Triterpenoids: Liquorice, Dioscorea, Digitalis Volatile Oils: Mentha, Clove, Cinnamon, Fennel, Coriander, Tannins: Catechu, Pterocarpus Resins: Benzoin, Guggul, Ginger, Asafoetida, Myrrh, Colophony Glycosides: Senna, Aloes, Bitter almond Iridoids, Other terpenoids & Naphthaquinones: Gentian, Artemisia, Taxus, Carotenoids

Unit-III

Isolation, Identification and Analysis of Phytoconstituents (a) Terpenoids: Menthol, Citral, Artemisin (b) Glycosides: Glycyrrhetinic acid & Rutin (c) Alkaloids: Atropine, Quinine, Reserpine, Caffeine (d) Resins: Podophyllotoxin, Curcumin

Unit-IV

Industrial Production, Estimation and Utilization of the Following Phytoconstituents Forskolin, Sennoside, Artemisinin, Diosgenin, Digoxin, Atropine, Podophyllotoxin, Caffeine, Taxol, Vincristine and Vinblastine

Unit-V

Basics of Phytochemistry Modern methods of extraction, application of latest techniques like spectroscopy, chromatography and electrophoresis in the isolation, purification and identification of crude drugs.