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SYLLABUS

Unit - 1 :

Preliminaries on Power System Operation and Control Power scenario in Indian grid – National and regional load dispatching centers – Requirements of good power system – Necessity of voltage and frequency regulation – Real power Vs frequency and reactive power Vs voltage control loops – System load variation, Load curves and basic concepts of load dispatching – Load forecasting – Basics of speed governing mechanisms and modeling – Speed load characteristics – Regulation of two generators in parallel.

Unit - 2 :

Real Power – Frequency Control Load frequency control (LFC) of single area system – Static and dynamic analysis of uncontrolled and controlled cases – LFC of two area system – Tie line modeling – Block diagram representation of two area system – Static and dynamic analysis – Tie line with frequency bias control – State variability model – Integration of economic dispatch control with LFC.

Unit - 3 :

Reactive Power – Voltage Control Generation and absorption of reactive power – Basics of reactive power control – Automatic voltage regulator (AVR) – Brushless AC excitation system – Block diagram representation of AVR loop – Static and dynamic analysis – Stability compensation – Voltage drop in transmission line – Methods of reactive power injection – Tap changing transformer, SVC (TCR + TSC) and STATCOM for voltage control.

Unit - 4 :

Economic Operation of Power System Statement of economic dispatch problem – Input and output characteristics of thermal plant – Incremental cost curve – Optimal operation of thermal units without and with transmission losses (no derivation of transmission loss coefficients) – Base point and participation factors method – Statement of unit commitment (UC) problem – Constraints on UC problem – Solution of UC problem using priority list – Special aspects of short term and long term hydrothermal problems.

Unit - 5 :

Computer Control of Power Systems Need of computer control of power systems – Concept of energy control centers and functions – PMU – System monitoring, Data acquisition and controls – System hardware configurations – SCADA and EMS functions – State estimation problem – Measurements and errors – Weighted least square estimation – Various operating states – State transition diagram.