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SYLLABUS

UNIT-I

TRIGONOMETRIC LEVELLING Introduction; Determination of the level of the top of an object, When its base is accessible and When its base is not accessible; Determination of the height of the object when the two instrument stations are not in the same vertical plane; Axis signal correction; Difference in elevation by single observation and reciprocal observations.

UNIT-II

TACHEOMETRIC SURVEYING Definition, Advantages of Tacheometric surveying- Basic systems of tacheometric measurement, Principle of stadia measurements, Determination of constants K and C, Inclined sight with staff vertical; Inclined sight with staff normal to the line of sight, Movable hair method, Tangential method, Subtanse bar, Errors in Tacheometry.

UNIT-III

TRIANGULATION Principles of triangulation, Uses of triangulation survey; Classification of triangulation; operations of triangulation survey; Signals and towers, Satellite station; Base line & Extension of the base line. SETTING OUT WORKS Introduction, Control stations; Horizontal control; Reference grid; Vertical control; Positioning of a structure; offset pegs, Setting out a foundation: reference pillars, batter boards, Setting out with a theodolite; Graded stakes; setting out a sewer; Setting out a culvert.

UNIT-IV

CURVES Simple curves–Definitions and Notations, designation of a curve, Elements of simple curves, location of tangent points, selection of peg interval, Methods of setting simple curves(based on equipment) – Rankines method,Two theodolite method. Compound curves – Elements of compound curve, setting out compound curve. Reverse curves – Elements of reverse curve, relationship between various elements.

UNIT-V

ELECTRONIC DISTANCE MEASUREMENTS Introduction, Basic concepts-electromagnetic waves, basic definitions, phase of the wave ,units, types of waves; distance from measurement of transit time, Computing the distance from the phase differences, EDM instruments, electronic theodolites, total station-models, fundamental measurements, recording, traversing, data retrieval. REMOTE SENSING Introduction, Principle of Remote sensing, EM Radiation and the atmosphere, interaction of EM radiation with earth’s surface, remote sensing observation platforms, sensors, applications of remote sensing. Geographical Information System, Introduction and principle of Geographical Information System,components of GIS, applications.