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UNIT-I TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS

1.1 Transmission Line Parameters: Types of conductors - Calculation of resistance for solid conductors, Calculation of inductance for single phase and three phase Single and double circuit lines

1.2 Concept of GMR and GMD

1.3 Symmetrical and asymmetrical conductor configuration with and without transposition, Numerical problems

1.4 Calculation of capacitance for 2 wire and 3 wire systems, Effect of ground on capacitance

1.5 Capacitance calculations for symmetrical and asymmetrical single and three phase, Single and double circuit lines, Numerical Problems

UNIT-II PERFORMANCE OF SHORT AND MEDIUM LENGTH TRANSMISSION LINES

2.1 Performance of Short and Medium Length Transmission Lines: Classification of Transmission Lines -Short, medium, long line and their model representations

2.2 Nominal-T – Nominal-Pie and A, B, C, D Constants for symmetrical and Asymmetrical Networks, Numerical Problems

2.3 Mathematical Solutions to estimate regulation and efficiency of all types of lines, Numerical Problems

2.4 Performance of Long Transmission Lines: Long Transmission Line, Rigorous Solution, evaluation of A,B,C,D Constants, Interpretation of the Long Line Equations

2.5 Incident, Reflected and Refracted Waves - Surge Impedance and SIL of Long Lines, Wave Length and Velocity of Propagation of Waves - Representation of Long Lines

2.6 Equivalent-T and Equivalent Pie network models

UNIT-III POWER SYSTEM TRANSIENTS

3.1 Types of System Transients - Travelling or Propagation of Surges - Attenuation, Distortion

3.2 Reflection and Refraction Coefficients

3.3 Termination of lines with different types of conditions - Open Circuited Line, Short Circuited Line, T-Junction, Lumped Reactive Junctions (Numerical Problems)

3.4 Bewley’s Lattice Diagrams (for all the cases mentioned with numerical examples)

3.5 Skin and Proximity effects-Description and effect on Resistance of Solid Conductor - Ferranti effect -Charging Current - Effect on Regulation of the Transmission Line.

3.6 Corona - Description of the phenomenon, factors affecting corona, critical voltages and power loss

3.7 Radio Interference

UNIT-IV OVERHEAD LINE INSULATORS

4.1 Overhead Line Insulators: Types of Insulators

4.2 String efficiency and Methods for improvement, Numerical Problems

4.3 Voltage distribution, calculation of string efficiency

4.4 Capacitance grading and Static Shielding

4.5 Sag and Tension Calculations: Sag and Tension Calculations with equal and unequal heights of towers, Effect of Wind and Ice on weight of Conductor, Numerical Problems Stringing chart and sag template and its applications.

UNIT-V UNDERGROUND CABLES

5.1 Types of Cables, Construction

5.2 Types of Insulating materials

5.3 Calculation of Insulation resistance and stress in insulation, Numerical Problems

5.4 Capacitance of Single and 3-Core belted cables, Numerical Problems

5.5 Grading of Cables, Capacitance grading, Numerical Problems

5.6 Description of Inter-sheath grading - HV cables